Brearley anapanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu 1916 adalandira chilolezo cha Britain ndikuyamba kupanga zambiri, mpaka pano, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zinapezeka mwangozi mu zinyalala zinakhala zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, Henry Brearley amadziwikanso kuti "bambo wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri".Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, mfuti zaku Britain pabwalo lankhondo nthawi zonse zimatumizidwa kumbuyo chifukwa chipindacho chinali chitang'ambika komanso chosagwiritsidwa ntchito.Madipatimenti opanga usilikali adalamula kuti pakhale chitsulo cholimba champhamvu kwambiri chokana kuvala Breer Li, chomwe chimakhazikika pakuthana ndi vuto la kuvala kwa bore.Brearley ndi wothandizira wake anasonkhanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zopangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja, zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana katundu wa aloyi zitsulo, mu zosiyanasiyana mawotchi katundu kuyesera ntchito, ndiyeno kusankha zitsulo zoyenera kwambiri mu mfuti.Tsiku lina, adayesa mtundu wachitsulo cham'nyumba chokhala ndi chromium yambiri.Pambuyo pa mayesero oletsa kuvala, adapeza kuti alloy iyi siinayambe kuvala, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mfuti.Choncho adalemba zotsatira za kuyesa ndikuziponya pakona.Tsiku lina, miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, wothandizira anathamangira ku Brearley ndi chitsulo chonyezimira."Bwana," adatero, "ndinapeza alloy kuchokera kwa Bambo Mullah pamene ndinkayeretsa nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Kodi mungakonde kuyesa kuti muwone ntchito yake yapadera!""Chabwino!"Brearley anatero mosangalala, akuyang'ana chitsulo chonyezimiracho.
Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti siziwopa asidi, alkali, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha mchere.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chinapangidwa ndi mullah waku Germany mu 1912, koma mullah sanadziwe chomwe chinali.
Brearley anadzifunsa kuti: “Kodi chitsulo chamtunduwu, chomwe sichimva kuvala koma chosachita dzimbiri, chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito pa tableware, osati mfuti?Iye anati youma youma, anayamba kupanga zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo zipatso mpeni, mphanda, supuni, zipatso mbale ndi lopinda mpeni.
Tsopano kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumachulukirachulukira, kufunikira kukukulirakuliranso, ndiye chotsatira ndicho kulankhula za gulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Zitsulo zonse zimachita ndi mpweya mumlengalenga kupanga filimu ya oxide pamwamba.Tsoka ilo, iron oxide yomwe imapanga pa carbon steel wamba ikupitiriza kukhala oxidize, kulola kuti dzimbiri liwonjezeke ndipo potsirizira pake kupanga mabowo.Pamwamba pa carbon steel akhoza kutetezedwa ndi electroplating ndi utoto kapena zitsulo zosagwira oxidization monga zinki, nickel ndi chromium, koma, monga amadziwika, chitetezo ichi ndi filimu yochepa chabe.Ngati chitetezo chathyoledwa, chitsulo pansi chimayamba kuchita dzimbiri.
Kusamva mpweya, nthunzi, madzi ndi zina zofooka zikuwononga sing'anga ndi asidi, zamchere, mchere ndi zina mankhwala zikuwononga sing'anga dzimbiri zitsulo.Amatchedwanso asidi wosapanga dzimbiri - chitsulo chosagwira.Pakugwiritsa ntchito, chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri chopanda dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo chitsulo chokhala ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi dzimbiri chimatchedwa chitsulo chosamva acid.Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mankhwala, zoyambazo sizingagwirizane ndi dzimbiri zapakati pa mankhwala, pamene zotsirizirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi dzimbiri.Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 2 kumadalira zinthu zomwe zili muzitsulo.Chromium ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopangira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti chisawonongeke.Pamene chromium zili mu chitsulo kufika pafupifupi 12%, chromium ndi mpweya mu sing'anga zowononga zimachita kupanga filimu woonda kwambiri okusayidi (self-passivation filimu) pamwamba zitsulo, amene angalepheretse dzimbiri zina masanjidwewo zitsulo.Kuphatikiza pa chromium, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi aloyi ndi faifi tambala, molybdenum, titaniyamu, niobium, mkuwa, nayitrogeni, etc., kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Awiri, gulu la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala:
1. Ferritic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Chromium 12% ~ 30%.Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri, kulimba kwake komanso kuwotcherera kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa chromium, ndipo kukana kwake ku dzimbiri kupsinjika kwa chloride kuli bwino kuposa zitsulo zina zosapanga dzimbiri.
2. Austenitic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Lili ndi chromium yoposa 18%, nickel 8% ndi molybdenum pang'ono, titaniyamu, nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina.Kuchita bwino kokwanira, kumatha kukana dzimbiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
3. Austenitic ferrite duplex chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Ili ndi ubwino wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndi ferritic, ndipo ili ndi superplasticity.
4. Martensitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Mkulu mphamvu, koma pulasitiki osauka ndi weldability.
Chachitatu, mawonekedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Zinayi, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pamwamba ndondomeko.
Zisanu, aliyense zitsulo mphero ma CD makhalidwe ndi mankhwala waukulu kupanga.
Zina zoweta zitsulo mphero: Shandong Taigang, Jiangyin Zhaoshun, Xinghua Dayan, Xi 'an Huaxin, Kumwera chakumadzulo, East wapadera zitsulo, mafakitale ang'onoang'ono awa makamaka ntchito zinyalala kukonza mbale, m'mbuyo kupanga ndondomeko, mbale pamwamba kusiyana, palibe makina ntchito chitsimikizo, chinthu. zomwe zili mufakitale yayikulu ndizofanana, mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo kuposa fakitale yayikulu yokhala ndi mtundu womwewo.
Anaitanitsa zitsulo mphero: Shanghai Krupp, South Africa, North America, Japan, Belgium, Finland, kunja luso kupanga bolodi patsogolo, woyera ndi wokongola bolodi pamwamba, chepetsa chepetsa, mtengo ndi apamwamba kuposa chitsanzo m'banja ofanana chitsanzo.
Zisanu ndi chimodzi, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zachitsanzo ndi kukula kwake: mbale yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ili ndi voliyumu ndi voliyumu yoyambirira ya mbale:
1. Pereka lagawidwa ozizira adagulung'undisa mpukutu ndi otentha adagulung'undisa mpukutu, odulidwa m'mphepete mpukutu ndi yaiwisi m'mphepete mpukutu.
2. The makulidwe ozizira adagulung'undisa koyilo zambiri 0.3-3mm, pali 4-6mm makulidwe ozizira adagulung'undisa pepala, m'lifupi 1m, 1219m, 1.5m, anasonyeza 2B.
3. The makulidwe a voliyumu otentha adagulung'undisa zambiri 3-14mm, pali 16mm voliyumu, m'lifupi ndi 1250, 1500, 1800, 2000, ndi NO.1.
4. Mipukutu yokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake 1.5m, 1.8m ndi 2.0m imadulidwa m'mphepete.
5. M'lifupi mpukutu wa burr nthawi zambiri ndi 1520, 1530, 1550, 2200 ndi zina zambiri kuposa m'lifupi mwake.
6. Pankhani ya mtengo, mtundu womwewo wa mpukutu wam'mphepete ndi mpukutu wobiriwira nthawi zambiri umasiyana pafupifupi 300-500 yuan.
7. Voliyumu ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kutalika kwa zofuna za makasitomala, pambuyo pa makina otsegulira amatchedwa mbale yotseguka.Ozizira kugubuduza ambiri kutsegula 1m * 2m, 1219 * 2438 amatchedwanso 4 * 8 mapazi, otentha kugubuduza onse kutsegula 1.5m * 6m, 1.8m * 6m, 2m * 6m, malinga ndi makulidwe amenewa amatchedwa mbale muyezo kapena mbale yokhazikika kukula.
Chimbale choyambirira chimatchedwanso single sheet rolling:
1. Makulidwe a bolodi loyambirira nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 4mm-80mm, pali 100mm ndi 120mm, makulidwe awa amatha kukhazikika.
2. M'lifupi mwake 1.5m, 1.8m, 2m, kutalika kuposa 6m.
3. Zomwe Zilipo: Mbale yoyambirira ili ndi voliyumu yayikulu, yokwera mtengo, pickling yovuta komanso mayendedwe ovuta.
Zisanu ndi ziwiri, kusiyana kwa makulidwe:
1. Chifukwa makina opangira zitsulo akugudubuza, mpukutuwo umatenthedwa pang'ono mapindikidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makulidwe a mphira apangidwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhuthala pakati ndi owonda mbali zonse.Poyesa makulidwe a bolodi, boma liyenera kuyeza gawo lapakati la mutu wa bolodi.
2. Kulekerera nthawi zambiri kumagawika kulekerera kwakukulu ndi kulekerera kochepa malinga ndi msika ndi zofuna za makasitomala.
Eyiti, kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri:
1. 304, 304L, 304J1, 321, 201, 202 mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 7.93.
2. 316, 316L, 309S, 310S mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 7.98.
3. Gawo la 400 mndandanda ndi 7.75.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2022